Maths

Data Handling

Class 2

🎯 Learning Objectives

Understand what data is and how to collect it.
Use tally marks to record data.
Read and make a simple pictograph.
Answer questions using information from a chart or pictograph.
Find which item has the most or least count.

📖 Let Us Begin!

Meena's teacher asked the class: "What is your favourite sport?" Some children said cricket, some said football, and some said badminton. The teacher wrote down all the answers on the board. This collection of information is called data.

But looking at a long list is confusing! So we use tally marks and pictographs to organise data and make it easy to read. Let us learn how!

Children collecting data about favourite fruits using tally marks and pictograph

What is Data?

Data is information we collect by counting, asking questions, or observing things around us.

Examples of data:
• How many children like each fruit in your class.
• How many cars, bikes, and buses pass your school gate in 10 minutes.
• How many runs each player scored in a cricket match.

Tally Marks

Tally marks are a quick way to count. We draw lines (|) to count. Every 5th mark crosses the previous 4 marks to make a group of 5.

How to draw tally marks:
1 = | 2 = || 3 = ||| 4 = |||| 5 = ~~||||~~ (four lines with a cross)
6 = ~~||||~~ | 7 = ~~||||~~ || 8 = ~~||||~~ ||| 9 = ~~||||~~ |||| 10 = ~~||||~~ ~~||||~~

Example: Arjun counted vehicles on his street for 10 minutes:

Vehicle	Tally Marks	Count
Car	~~\|\|\|\|~~ \|	6
Bike	~~\|\|\|\|~~ \|\|\|	8
Auto-rickshaw	\|\|\|\|	4
Bus	\|\|	2

From this data: Bikes were seen the most (8). Buses were seen the least (2). Total vehicles = 6 + 8 + 4 + 2 = 20.

Pictograph

A pictograph uses pictures or symbols to show data. Each picture stands for a certain number (usually 1).

Example: Favourite Fruits in Class 2A (Each 🍎 = 1 child)

Fruit	Children who like it	Total
Mango 🥭	🍎🍎🍎🍎🍎🍎	6
Banana 🍌	🍎🍎🍎	3
Apple 🍏	🍎🍎🍎🍎	4
Orange 🍊	🍎🍎	2
Grapes 🍇	🍎🍎🍎🍎🍎	5

Reading the pictograph: Mango is the most popular (6 children). Orange is the least popular (2 children). Total = 6 + 3 + 4 + 2 + 5 = 20 children.

📝 Key Words

Word	Meaning
Data	Information we collect about something
Tally marks	Lines used to count and record data quickly
Pictograph	A chart that uses pictures to show data
Most / Maximum	The largest number in the data
Least / Minimum	The smallest number in the data
Total	The sum of all the numbers

⭐ Key Points to Remember

Data is information we collect by counting or asking questions.
Tally marks help us count quickly. Every 5th mark crosses the group of 4.
A pictograph uses pictures to show data. Each picture = a number (usually 1).
We can compare data to find which is most or least.
To find the total, add all the numbers together.
To find "how many more", subtract the smaller from the bigger number.

Finished learning? Now test what you know!

🎯 Quick Quiz — Test Yourself!

Answer these questions right here. You get instant feedback — no paper needed!

Score: 0 / 8

1. A picture chart that shows information using pictures is called a:

A pictograph uses pictures to show information.

2. If 🍎🍎🍎 means 3 apples, how many apples is 🍎🍎🍎🍎🍎?

Count the apple pictures: 5 apples.

3. Sorting things into groups by colour or shape is called:

Putting similar things together is called grouping or sorting.

4. A chart has 4 stars for red, 2 stars for blue. Which colour has more?

Red has 4 stars and blue has 2, so red has more.

5. A pictograph shows 🐦🐦🐦🐦 for birds. How many birds are there?

Count the bird pictures: 4 birds.

6. In a class, 3 children like mango and 4 like banana. How many children in all?

3 + 4 = 7 children.

7. Red = 5 stars, Blue = 3 stars. How many more stars does red have than blue?

5 − 3 = 2 more stars for red.

8. We use small lines like |||| to count things. These are called ______ marks.

Small counting lines are called tally marks.

✏️ Practice Questions

A. Fill in the Blanks

1. Tally marks for 5 look like 4 lines with a line across them.

2. A pictograph uses to show data.

3. In the fruit pictograph, the most popular fruit is .

4. The total number of children in the fruit pictograph is .

5. Information we collect is called .

6. In the vehicle tally, were seen the most.

7. The tally mark for 7 is written as .

8. In the fruit pictograph, more children like mango than orange.

9. Each picture in a pictograph stands for a .

10. To find the total, we all the numbers. (add / subtract)

B. Choose the Correct Answer (MCQ)

1. How many tally marks make a group of 5?

a) 4 linesb) 5 lines (4 + 1 cross)c) 6 lines

2. In the fruit pictograph, how many children like apple?

a) 3b) 4c) 5

3. What does each picture stand for in the fruit pictograph?

a) 2 childrenb) 5 childrenc) 1 child

4. Which fruit is liked by the least number of children?

a) Mangob) Orangec) Grapes

5. How many more children like grapes than banana?

a) 1b) 2c) 3

C. Short Answer / Word Problems

1. Draw tally marks for the number 9.

2. In the fruit pictograph, how many more children like mango than banana?

3. Priya asked 10 friends their favourite colour. 4 said red, 3 said blue, 2 said green, 1 said yellow. Which colour is most popular? Which is least popular?

4. In the vehicle tally, how many more bikes than buses did Arjun see?

5. Ask 5 friends: "Do you like cricket, football, or kabaddi?" Write the data using tally marks.

D. True or False

1. Tally marks for 3 have a cross line.

2. A pictograph uses pictures to show data.

3. Data means information we collect.

4. In the fruit pictograph, banana is the most popular.

5. Each picture in a pictograph can stand for more than 1.

E. Match the Following

Column A	Column B
1. Data	a) Uses pictures to show numbers
2. Tally marks	b) The largest count
3. Pictograph	c) Information we collect
4. Most	d) Lines used to count quickly
5. Least	e) The smallest count

🎨 Activity: Class Survey

Ask 10 friends: "Do you like cricket, football, or kabaddi?" Record their answers using tally marks. Then draw a simple pictograph (use ⭐ for each friend). Which sport is most popular in your class?

Want to review the lesson again?

🎯 Learning Objectives

Understand what data is and how to collect it.
Use tally marks to record data.
Read and make a simple pictograph.
Answer questions using information from a chart or pictograph.

📖 Let Us Begin!

Meena's teacher asked: "What is your favourite sport?" The teacher wrote down all the answers. This collection of information is called data. We use tally marks and pictographs to organise data.

Tally Marks

Tally marks are lines used to count. Every 5th mark crosses the previous 4.

1 = | 2 = || 3 = ||| 4 = |||| 5 = ~~||||~~ 6 = ~~||||~~ | 7 = ~~||||~~ ||

Example: Vehicles on Arjun's Street

Vehicle	Tally Marks	Count
Car	~~\|\|\|\|~~ \|	6
Bike	~~\|\|\|\|~~ \|\|\|	8
Auto-rickshaw	\|\|\|\|	4
Bus	\|\|	2

Most seen: Bikes (8). Least seen: Buses (2). Total = 6 + 8 + 4 + 2 = 20.

Pictograph: Favourite Fruits in Class 2A

Each 🍎 = 1 child

Fruit	Children	Total
Mango	🍎🍎🍎🍎🍎🍎	6
Banana	🍎🍎🍎	3
Apple	🍎🍎🍎🍎	4
Orange	🍎🍎	2
Grapes	🍎🍎🍎🍎🍎	5

Most popular: Mango (6). Least popular: Orange (2). Total = 20 children.

Key Words

Word	Meaning
Data	Information we collect
Tally marks	Lines to count quickly
Pictograph	Chart using pictures
Most	Largest number
Least	Smallest number

⭐ Key Points to Remember

Data is information we collect by counting or asking questions.
Tally marks: every 5th mark crosses the group of 4.
A pictograph uses pictures. Each picture = a number (usually 1).
Compare data to find most or least. Add all to find total.

A. Fill in the Blanks

1. Tally marks for 5 look like 4 lines with a line across.

2. A pictograph uses to show data.

3. In the fruit pictograph, the most popular fruit is .

4. The total number of children in the fruit pictograph is .

5. Information we collect is called .

6. In the vehicle tally, were seen the most.

7. The tally mark for 7 is written as .

8. more children like mango than orange.

9. Each picture in a pictograph stands for a .

10. To find the total, we all the numbers.

B. Choose the Correct Answer (MCQ)

1. How many tally marks make a group of 5?

a) 4 linesb) 5 lines (4+1 cross)c) 6 lines

2. How many children like apple?

a) 3b) 4c) 5

3. Each picture stands for?

a) 2 childrenb) 5 childrenc) 1 child

4. Which fruit is liked by the least?

a) Mangob) Orangec) Grapes

5. How many more children like grapes than banana?

a) 1b) 2c) 3

C. Short Answer / Word Problems

1. Draw tally marks for the number 9.

2. How many more children like mango than banana?

3. Priya asked 10 friends their favourite colour: 4 red, 3 blue, 2 green, 1 yellow. Most popular? Least popular?

4. In the vehicle tally, how many more bikes than buses?

5. Ask 5 friends: "Cricket, football, or kabaddi?" Write tally marks below.

D. True or False

1. Tally marks for 3 have a cross line.

2. A pictograph uses pictures to show data.

3. Data means information we collect.

4. In the fruit pictograph, banana is the most popular.

5. Each picture in a pictograph can stand for more than 1.

E. Match the Following

Column A	Column B
1. Data	a) Uses pictures to show numbers
2. Tally marks	b) The largest count
3. Pictograph	c) Information we collect
4. Most	d) Lines used to count quickly
5. Least	e) The smallest count

🎨 Activity: Make a Pictograph

Arjun counted birds in his garden: 7 sparrows, 4 crows, 3 pigeons, 5 parrots. Complete the pictograph (each ⭐ = 1 bird):

Bird	Pictograph (draw ⭐ for each bird)
Sparrow
Crow
Pigeon
Parrot

Most seen bird: Total birds:

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Data Handling

🎯 Learning Objectives

📖 Let Us Begin!

What is Data?

Tally Marks

Pictograph

📝 Key Words

🎯 Quick Quiz — Test Yourself!

✏️ Practice Questions

Data Handling

Data Handling (continued)

Data Handling (practice)