English

Conjunctions (Joining Words)

Class 3 | Ages 8–9

🎯 Learning Objectives

Students will understand what a conjunction (joining word) is.
Students will learn the five common conjunctions: and, but, or, so, because.
Students will use conjunctions to join two short sentences into one.
Students will identify conjunctions in given sentences.
Students will choose the correct conjunction based on meaning.
Students will write their own sentences using conjunctions.
Students will understand how conjunctions make writing smoother.

📖 Introduction

Imagine you want to say two things about your friend Ravi: "Ravi likes cricket." and "Ravi likes football." Instead of saying two separate sentences, you can join them: "Ravi likes cricket and football." The word and joined the two ideas together! Words that join sentences or ideas are called conjunctions or joining words.

What Is a Conjunction?

A conjunction is a word that joins two words, phrases, or sentences together. Conjunctions are also called joining words because they join ideas.

Without conjunctions, our sentences would be short and choppy. Conjunctions make our writing smooth and interesting.

Without Conjunction

Meena is smart. Meena is kind.

With Conjunction

Meena is smart and kind.

Think: Can you join "I like mangoes" and "I like bananas" using a joining word?

The Five Common Conjunctions

Conjunction	What It Does	Example
and	Adds one idea to another	Ravi and Meena are friends.
but	Shows a difference or contrast	The food is spicy but tasty.
or	Shows a choice between two things	Do you want cricket or football?
so	Shows a result or effect	It was raining, so we stayed inside.
because	Gives a reason	I am happy because I got a new book.

Using "And" — Adding Ideas

We use and when we want to add one idea to another. Both ideas are similar or go together.

Examples

Ravi and Meena went to school.

I like mangoes and bananas.

She can sing and dance.

We bought rice and dal from the market.

Using "But" — Showing Contrast

We use but when two ideas are different or opposite. It shows a surprise or contrast.

Examples

The curry is spicy but delicious.

Arjun is short but very fast.

I wanted to play but it was raining.

The bag is small but heavy.

Using "Or" — Giving a Choice

We use or when there is a choice between two or more things.

Examples

Do you want tea or coffee?

Shall we play cricket or football?

You can write with a pen or a pencil.

Is your favourite colour red or blue?

Using "So" — Showing a Result

We use so when the second part is the result of the first part.

Examples

I was hungry, so I ate a roti.

It was hot, so we drank nimbu pani.

Sita studied hard, so she got good marks.

The bus was late, so we walked to school.

Using "Because" — Giving a Reason

We use because when we want to give a reason for something.

Examples

I am happy because today is my birthday.

We carry an umbrella because it might rain.

Ravi was late because the traffic was heavy.

She wore a sweater because it was cold.

Joining Two Sentences

Conjunctions help us join two short sentences into one longer sentence.

Sentence 1	Sentence 2	Joined Sentence
Ravi is tall.	Meena is short.	Ravi is tall but Meena is short.
I like tea.	I like coffee.	I like tea and coffee.
Study well.	You will fail.	Study well or you will fail.
It rained.	We got wet.	It rained, so we got wet.
She is crying.	She lost her book.	She is crying because she lost her book.

Image: Conjunctions Chart

Chart showing common conjunctions - and, but, or, so, because with example sentences

Image: Joining Sentences

Visual showing how conjunctions join two sentences into one with arrows and connectors

📝 Key Words

Word	Meaning
Conjunction	A word that joins two words, phrases, or sentences
Joining word	Another name for a conjunction
And	Used to add one idea to another
But	Used to show a difference or contrast
Or	Used to show a choice
So	Used to show a result
Because	Used to give a reason

⭐ Key Points to Remember

A conjunction is a joining word that connects words, phrases, or sentences.
And adds ideas together: Ravi and Meena are friends.
But shows contrast: The food is sweet but spicy.
Or gives a choice: Do you want cricket or football?
So shows a result: It rained, so we stayed home.
Because gives a reason: I am late because the bus broke down.
Conjunctions make our writing smoother and more interesting.

Finished learning? Now test what you know!

🎯 Quick Quiz — Test Yourself!

Answer these questions right here. You get instant feedback — no paper needed!

Score: 0 / 8

1. A conjunction is a word that:

A conjunction joins words or sentences (and, but, or, because).

2. Which word joins two ideas that agree: "I like tea ___ coffee"?

"And" joins two things that go together: tea and coffee.

3. Which word shows a difference: "I wanted to play ___ it was raining"?

"But" shows a contrast — I wanted to play, but it was raining.

4. Which word gives a reason: "I am happy ___ I passed the test"?

"Because" gives a reason — I am happy because I passed.

5. Fill in the conjunction: "Do you want tea ___ coffee?" (a choice)

"Or" is used to show a choice between two things.

6. Fill in the conjunction: "Ravi ___ Meena are friends." (joining two names)

"And" joins the two names: Ravi and Meena.

7. Fill in: "The bag is small ___ heavy." (showing a difference)

"But" shows a contrast — small but heavy.

8. Which of these is a conjunction?

"Because" is a conjunction — it joins ideas and gives a reason.

✏️ Practice Questions

A. Fill in the Blanks (use and, but, or, so, because)

1. Ravi Meena are best friends.

2. The mango is sweet the lemon is sour.

3. Do you want rice roti for lunch?

4. I was tired, I went to sleep early.

5. She is happy she won the race.

6. We need a pen a pencil to write.

7. The dog is small very brave.

8. Hurry up you will miss the bus.

9. I could not play I had a fever.

10. It was cold, we wore sweaters.

B. Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which word is a conjunction?

(a) run(b) and(c) big(d) mango

2. "I like tea ___ coffee." Choose the correct conjunction.

(a) but(b) so(c) and(d) because

3. Which conjunction shows a reason?

(a) and(b) or(c) but(d) because

4. "She is poor ___ honest." Choose the correct conjunction.

(a) and(b) but(c) or(d) so

5. Which conjunction gives a choice?

(a) and(b) but(c) or(d) because

C. Join the Sentences Using a Conjunction

1. Sita is clever. Sita is hardworking. (use and)

2. The elephant is big. The ant is small. (use but)

3. Will you have milk? Will you have juice? (use or)

4. It was very hot. We switched on the fan. (use so)

5. I took my umbrella. It was raining. (use because)

D. Underline the Conjunction

1. Ravi and Arjun play together.

2. I wanted to go out but it was raining.

3. Would you like chapati or rice?

4. She was hungry, so she ate a banana.

5. He is late because the train was delayed.

E. Write Your Own Sentences

1. Write a sentence using "and".

2. Write a sentence using "but".

3. Write a sentence using "or".

4. Write a sentence using "so".

5. Write a sentence using "because".

🎨 Fun Activity — Conjunction Story!

Complete this short story by filling in the correct conjunctions (and, but, or, so, because):

One day, Ravi Meena went to the park. They wanted to play cricket badminton. They chose cricket they had a new bat. It started raining, they ran under a tree. The rain was heavy short. Soon the sun came out, they played happily!

Want to review the lesson again?

🎯 Learning Objectives

Understand what a conjunction (joining word) is.
Learn the five common conjunctions: and, but, or, so, because.
Use conjunctions to join two short sentences into one.
Identify conjunctions in given sentences.
Choose the correct conjunction based on meaning.
Write own sentences using conjunctions.
Understand how conjunctions make writing smoother.

📖 Introduction

Imagine you want to say: "Ravi likes cricket." and "Ravi likes football." You can join them: "Ravi likes cricket and football." The word and joined the two ideas! Words that join sentences or ideas are called conjunctions or joining words.

What Is a Conjunction?

A conjunction is a word that joins two words, phrases, or sentences together. Without conjunctions, sentences are short and choppy. Conjunctions make writing smooth.

Without: Meena is smart. Meena is kind. → With: Meena is smart and kind.

The Five Common Conjunctions

Conjunction	What It Does	Example
and	Adds ideas	Ravi and Meena are friends.
but	Shows contrast	The food is spicy but tasty.
or	Shows choice	Cricket or football?
so	Shows result	It rained, so we stayed inside.
because	Gives reason	I am happy because I got a book.

Using Each Conjunction

And — adds ideas: I like mangoes and bananas.

But — shows contrast: Arjun is short but very fast.

Or — gives choice: Tea or coffee?

So — shows result: I was hungry, so I ate a roti.

Because — gives reason: I am late because the bus broke down.

Joining Two Sentences

Sentence 1	Sentence 2	Joined
Ravi is tall.	Meena is short.	Ravi is tall but Meena is short.
I like tea.	I like coffee.	I like tea and coffee.
It rained.	We got wet.	It rained, so we got wet.
She is crying.	She lost her book.	She is crying because she lost her book.

⭐ Key Points to Remember

A conjunction is a joining word that connects words, phrases, or sentences.
And adds ideas together.
But shows contrast: sweet but spicy.
Or gives a choice: cricket or football.
So shows a result.
Because gives a reason.
Conjunctions make writing smoother and more interesting.

✏️ Practice Questions

A. Fill in the Blanks (use and, but, or, so, because)

1. Ravi Meena are best friends.

2. The mango is sweet the lemon is sour.

3. Do you want rice roti for lunch?

4. I was tired, I went to sleep early.

5. She is happy she won the race.

6. We need a pen a pencil to write.

7. The dog is small very brave.

8. Hurry up you will miss the bus.

9. I could not play I had a fever.

10. It was cold, we wore sweaters.

B. Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which word is a conjunction?

(a) run(b) and(c) big(d) mango

2. "I like tea ___ coffee." Choose the correct conjunction.

(a) but(b) so(c) and(d) because

3. Which conjunction shows a reason?

(a) and(b) or(c) but(d) because

4. "She is poor ___ honest." Choose the correct conjunction.

(a) and(b) but(c) or(d) so

5. Which conjunction gives a choice?

(a) and(b) but(c) or(d) because

C. Join the Sentences Using a Conjunction

1. Sita is clever. Sita is hardworking. (use and)

2. The elephant is big. The ant is small. (use but)

3. Will you have milk? Will you have juice? (use or)

4. It was very hot. We switched on the fan. (use so)

5. I took my umbrella. It was raining. (use because)

D. Underline the Conjunction

1. Ravi and Arjun play together.

2. I wanted to go out but it was raining.

3. Would you like chapati or rice?

4. She was hungry, so she ate a banana.

5. He is late because the train was delayed.

E. Write Your Own Sentences

1. Write a sentence using "and".

2. Write a sentence using "but".

3. Write a sentence using "or".

4. Write a sentence using "so".

5. Write a sentence using "because".

🎨 Fun Activity — Conjunction Story!

Complete this short story by filling in the correct conjunctions (and, but, or, so, because):

You are viewing the Worksheet layout. Click Print to save as PDF or print on A4 paper.

Conjunctions (Joining Words)

🎯 Learning Objectives

📖 Introduction

What Is a Conjunction?

The Five Common Conjunctions

Using "And" — Adding Ideas

Using "But" — Showing Contrast

Using "Or" — Giving a Choice

Using "So" — Showing a Result

Using "Because" — Giving a Reason

Joining Two Sentences

Image: Conjunctions Chart

Image: Joining Sentences

📝 Key Words

🎯 Quick Quiz — Test Yourself!

✏️ Practice Questions

Conjunctions (Joining Words)

Conjunctions (Joining Words) (continued)