Mathematics

Multiplication

Class 4 | CBSE / NCERT / ICSE

🎯 Learning Objectives

Students will be able to multiply 2-digit numbers by 1-digit numbers.
Students will be able to multiply 3-digit numbers by 1-digit numbers.
Students will be able to multiply 2-digit numbers by 2-digit numbers.
Students will be able to solve word problems using multiplication.

📖 Let Us Begin!

In Class 3, you learned that multiplication is repeated addition. You learned tables up to 10. Now let us go further!

In Class 4, we will multiply bigger numbers — 2-digit and 3-digit numbers. We will also learn to multiply a 2-digit number by another 2-digit number.

Quick Recap

In Class 3, you learned that multiplication is repeated addition. You learned tables up to 10. Now let us go further!

In Class 4, we will multiply bigger numbers — 2-digit and 3-digit numbers. We will also learn to multiply a 2-digit number by another 2-digit number.

Multiplying Bigger Numbers

2-Digit × 1-Digit (with carrying)

To multiply a 2-digit number by a 1-digit number, multiply each digit starting from the right (ones place).

Example

Example 1: Find 23 × 4

Step 1: Multiply the ones. 3 × 4 = 12. Write 2, carry 1.

Step 2: Multiply the tens. 2 × 4 = 8. Add the carry: 8 + 1 = 9.

Answer: 23 × 4 = 92

Example

Example 2: Find 47 × 6

Step 1: 7 × 6 = 42. Write 2, carry 4.

Step 2: 4 × 6 = 24. Add carry: 24 + 4 = 28.

Answer: 47 × 6 = 282

3-Digit × 1-Digit

Example

Example 3: Find 235 × 4

Step 1: 5 × 4 = 20. Write 0, carry 2.

Step 2: 3 × 4 = 12. Add carry: 12 + 2 = 14. Write 4, carry 1.

Step 3: 2 × 4 = 8. Add carry: 8 + 1 = 9.

Answer: 235 × 4 = 940

2-Digit × 2-Digit

Example

Example 4: Find 24 × 13

Step 1: Multiply 24 by 3 (ones digit of 13): 24 × 3 = 72.

Step 2: Multiply 24 by 10 (tens digit of 13): 24 × 10 = 240.

Step 3: Add: 72 + 240 = 312.

3-Digit × 2-Digit (Word Problem Style)

Image needed: A step-by-step multiplication example showing 3-digit × 2-digit multiplication (245 × 36) worked out vertically with clear steps, carrying digits shown. Indian rupee context: "Meena buys 36 packets of ₹245 each. How much does she pay?" Title: "Step-by-Step Multiplication".
Style: Clean flat illustration, child-friendly, colourful with neat handwriting-style numbers on a white/light background showing the vertical multiplication layout with carry digits in red
Size: 600×500px

Always start from the ones place and work left. Do not forget to carry!

📝 Key Words

Word	Meaning
Factor	The numbers we multiply together
Product	The answer of a multiplication
Carry	Moving extra tens to the next column
Estimate	A rough answer to check if your exact answer is correct

⭐ Key Points to Remember

Always start multiplying from the ones place (right side).
If the product of a column is 10 or more, carry the tens digit to the next column.
For 2-digit × 2-digit: multiply by ones, then by tens, then add.
Check your answer by estimating (round and multiply).
Any number × 10 = add a zero. Any number × 100 = add two zeros.

Finished learning? Now test what you know!

🎯 Quick Quiz — Test Yourself!

Answer these 8 questions about multiplication. Read each one carefully and pick the best answer!

Score: 0 / 8

1. When multiplying, you should start from the...

Always start multiplying from the ones place (the right side).

2. What is 6 × 7?

6 × 7 = 42.

3. What is 25 × 10?

Any number × 10 means adding a zero: 25 × 10 = 250.

4. What is 34 × 100?

Any number × 100 means adding two zeros: 34 × 100 = 3,400.

5. What is 12 × 4?

12 × 4 = 48.

6. When a column's product is 10 or more, what do you do with the tens digit?

If a product is 10 or more, carry the tens digit to the next column on the left.

7. A box has 15 pens. How many pens are there in 10 boxes?

15 × 10 = 150 pens.

8. What is 11 × 12?

11 × 12 = 132.

✏️ Practice Questions

A. Multiply (2-Digit × 1-Digit)

1. 34 × 5 =

2. 56 × 7 =

3. 78 × 4 =

4. 63 × 8 =

5. 49 × 9 =

B. Multiply (3-Digit × 1-Digit)

1. 125 × 6 =

2. 348 × 3 =

3. 207 × 5 =

4. 456 × 4 =

C. Multiply (2-Digit × 2-Digit)

1. 15 × 12 =

2. 23 × 14 =

3. 36 × 21 =

D. Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is 45 × 6?

(a) 240(b) 260(c) 270(d) 280

2. What is 100 × 7?

(a) 70(b) 107(c) 700(d) 7000

E. Word Problems

1. A school has 28 classrooms. Each classroom has 35 chairs. How many chairs are there in all?

2. A factory makes 245 toys every day. How many toys does it make in 7 days?

3. There are 12 rows of trees. Each row has 15 trees. How many trees are there?

🎨 Think and Do — Fun Activity

Estimate and Check: First estimate the answer by rounding, then calculate the exact answer. How close was your estimate?

Problem	Estimate (Round)	Exact Answer	Close?
38 × 5
72 × 4
156 × 3

Want to review the lesson again?

🎯 Learning Objectives

Students will be able to multiply 2-digit numbers by 1-digit numbers.
Students will be able to multiply 3-digit numbers by 1-digit numbers.
Students will be able to multiply 2-digit numbers by 2-digit numbers.
Students will be able to solve word problems using multiplication.

📖 Quick Recap

In Class 3, you learned that multiplication is repeated addition. You learned tables up to 10. Now let us go further!

In Class 4, we will multiply bigger numbers — 2-digit and 3-digit numbers. We will also learn to multiply a 2-digit number by another 2-digit number.

Multiplying Bigger Numbers

2-Digit × 1-Digit (with carrying)

To multiply a 2-digit number by a 1-digit number, multiply each digit starting from the right (ones place).

Example 1: Find 23 × 4

Step 1: Multiply the ones. 3 × 4 = 12. Write 2, carry 1.

Step 2: Multiply the tens. 2 × 4 = 8. Add the carry: 8 + 1 = 9.

Answer: 23 × 4 = 92

Example 2: Find 47 × 6

Step 1: 7 × 6 = 42. Write 2, carry 4.

Step 2: 4 × 6 = 24. Add carry: 24 + 4 = 28.

Answer: 47 × 6 = 282

3-Digit × 1-Digit

Example 3: Find 235 × 4

Step 1: 5 × 4 = 20. Write 0, carry 2.

Step 2: 3 × 4 = 12. Add carry: 12 + 2 = 14. Write 4, carry 1.

Step 3: 2 × 4 = 8. Add carry: 8 + 1 = 9.

Answer: 235 × 4 = 940

2-Digit × 2-Digit

Example 4: Find 24 × 13

Step 1: Multiply 24 by 3 (ones digit of 13): 24 × 3 = 72.

Step 2: Multiply 24 by 10 (tens digit of 13): 24 × 10 = 240.

Step 3: Add: 72 + 240 = 312.

[Image: Step-by-step multiplication — 245 × 36 worked out vertically with carrying digits shown. Word problem: "Meena buys 36 packets of ₹245 each. How much does she pay?"]

Always start from the ones place and work left. Do not forget to carry!

📝 Key Words

Word	Meaning
Factor	The numbers we multiply together
Product	The answer of a multiplication
Carry	Moving extra tens to the next column
Estimate	A rough answer to check if your exact answer is correct

⭐ Key Points to Remember

Always start multiplying from the ones place (right side).
If the product of a column is 10 or more, carry the tens digit to the next column.
For 2-digit × 2-digit: multiply by ones, then by tens, then add.
Check your answer by estimating (round and multiply).
Any number × 10 = add a zero. Any number × 100 = add two zeros.

A. Multiply (2-Digit × 1-Digit)

1. 34 × 5 =

2. 56 × 7 =

3. 78 × 4 =

4. 63 × 8 =

5. 49 × 9 =

B. Multiply (3-Digit × 1-Digit)

1. 125 × 6 =

2. 348 × 3 =

3. 207 × 5 =

4. 456 × 4 =

C. Multiply (2-Digit × 2-Digit)

1. 15 × 12 =

2. 23 × 14 =

3. 36 × 21 =

D. Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is 45 × 6?

(a) 240(b) 260(c) 270(d) 280

2. What is 100 × 7?

(a) 70(b) 107(c) 700(d) 7000

E. Word Problems

1. A school has 28 classrooms. Each classroom has 35 chairs. How many chairs are there in all?

2. A factory makes 245 toys every day. How many toys does it make in 7 days?

3. There are 12 rows of trees. Each row has 15 trees. How many trees are there?

🎨 Think and Do — Fun Activity

Estimate and Check: First estimate the answer by rounding, then calculate the exact answer. How close was your estimate?

Problem	Estimate (Round)	Exact Answer	Close?
38 × 5
72 × 4
156 × 3

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Multiplication

🎯 Learning Objectives

📖 Let Us Begin!

Quick Recap

Multiplying Bigger Numbers

📝 Key Words

🎯 Quick Quiz — Test Yourself!

✏️ Practice Questions

Multiplication

Multiplication — Practice Questions