Class 4 - Maths - Multiplication Tables

Learning Objectives

Students will memorise multiplication tables from 2 to 12.
Students will identify patterns in multiplication tables.
Students will solve quick-fire multiplication problems with speed and accuracy.
Students will find missing numbers in multiplication sentences.

Introduction

Multiplication tables are the building blocks of mathematics. Knowing your tables from 2 to 12 by heart helps you solve problems quickly -- whether you are calculating the cost of 7 notebooks at Rs 12 each or finding the total number of sweets in 9 packets of 11.

Let us revise all tables and discover some amazing patterns hidden inside them!

Complete Multiplication Tables (2 to 12)

x	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
2	4	6	8	10	12	14	16	18	20	22	24
3	6	9	12	15	18	21	24	27	30	33	36
4	8	12	16	20	24	28	32	36	40	44	48
5	10	15	20	25	30	35	40	45	50	55	60
6	12	18	24	30	36	42	48	54	60	66	72
7	14	21	28	35	42	49	56	63	70	77	84
8	16	24	32	40	48	56	64	72	80	88	96
9	18	27	36	45	54	63	72	81	90	99	108
10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80	90	100	110	120

Amazing Patterns in Tables

Pattern 1: Table of 9 -- Digit Sum

In the table of 9, the sum of the digits of every product is always 9.

Example: Table of 9 Digit Sums

9 x 1 = 9 (digit sum: 9) | 9 x 2 = 18 (1+8 = 9) | 9 x 3 = 27 (2+7 = 9)

9 x 4 = 36 (3+6 = 9) | 9 x 5 = 45 (4+5 = 9) | 9 x 6 = 54 (5+4 = 9)

Also notice: the tens digit goes up (1, 2, 3, 4...) and the ones digit goes down (8, 7, 6, 5...).

Pattern 2: Table of 11

For 11 x 1 to 11 x 9, the product is the digit repeated twice: 11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88, 99.

Example: Table of 11

11 x 3 = 33 | 11 x 7 = 77 | 11 x 10 = 110 (the pattern changes after 9).

Pattern 3: Table of 12

The table of 12 is easy if you know tables of 10 and 2. Simply add them!

Example: 12 x 7

10 x 7 = 70 and 2 x 7 = 14. So 12 x 7 = 70 + 14 = 84.

Key Words and Meanings

Word	Meaning
Multiplication Table	A list of multiples of a number (e.g., 3, 6, 9, 12... for table of 3)
Multiple	The result when a number is multiplied by a whole number
Product	The answer you get when two numbers are multiplied
Digit Sum	The sum of all digits of a number (e.g., digit sum of 27 is 2+7 = 9)
Pattern	A rule that repeats in a predictable way

Key Points to Remember

Table of 5: all products end in 0 or 5.
Table of 9: digit sum of every product is 9 (up to 9 x 10).
Table of 11: the digit repeats twice for 11 x 1 to 11 x 9.
Table of 12: break it as (10 x number) + (2 x number).
Multiplication is commutative: 7 x 8 = 8 x 7. Learn one, get the other free!

Practice Questions

A. Quick-Fire Problems -- Solve as fast as you can!

7 x 8 =
9 x 6 =
12 x 4 =
11 x 8 =
6 x 7 =
8 x 9 =
12 x 7 =
9 x 9 =
11 x 6 =
7 x 12 =
8 x 8 =
6 x 9 =
12 x 9 =
11 x 11 =
9 x 12 =
7 x 7 =
8 x 12 =
12 x 12 =
9 x 11 =
11 x 12 =

B. Find the Missing Number

6 x = 42
x 9 = 108
11 x = 77
8 x = 96
x 7 = 84
9 x = 63
12 x = 60
x 11 = 99

C. Multiple Choice Questions

What is the digit sum of 9 x 8 = 72?
(a) 7(b) 9(c) 8(d) 10
Which table has all products ending in 0 or 5?
(a) Table of 3(b) Table of 4(c) Table of 5(d) Table of 6

Speed Challenge -- Time Yourself!

Ask a parent or friend to time you. Write the answers as fast as you can. Record your time below.

Problem	Answer	Problem	Answer
3 x 9		12 x 6
7 x 11		8 x 7
9 x 4		11 x 9
6 x 12		12 x 8
9 x 7		11 x 5

My time: ____________ seconds. Can you beat your own record tomorrow?

Mathematics -- Class 4

Mathematics -- Class 4 (continued)

x	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
2	4	6	8	10	12	14	16	18	20	22	24
3	6	9	12	15	18	21	24	27	30	33	36
4	8	12	16	20	24	28	32	36	40	44	48
5	10	15	20	25	30	35	40	45	50	55	60
6	12	18	24	30	36	42	48	54	60	66	72
7	14	21	28	35	42	49	56	63	70	77	84
8	16	24	32	40	48	56	64	72	80	88	96
9	18	27	36	45	54	63	72	81	90	99	108
10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80	90	100	110	120

x	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
2	4	6	8	10	12	14	16	18	20	22	24
3	6	9	12	15	18	21	24	27	30	33	36
4	8	12	16	20	24	28	32	36	40	44	48
5	10	15	20	25	30	35	40	45	50	55	60
6	12	18	24	30	36	42	48	54	60	66	72
7	14	21	28	35	42	49	56	63	70	77	84
8	16	24	32	40	48	56	64	72	80	88	96
9	18	27	36	45	54	63	72	81	90	99	108
10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80	90	100	110	120

x	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
2	4	6	8	10	12	14	16	18	20	22	24
3	6	9	12	15	18	21	24	27	30	33	36
4	8	12	16	20	24	28	32	36	40	44	48
5	10	15	20	25	30	35	40	45	50	55	60
6	12	18	24	30	36	42	48	54	60	66	72
7	14	21	28	35	42	49	56	63	70	77	84
8	16	24	32	40	48	56	64	72	80	88	96
9	18	27	36	45	54	63	72	81	90	99	108
10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80	90	100	110	120